PART III - IT & CYBER LAWS Hardware Input Devices (Names and uses) Output Devices (Names and uses/features) Memory devices - Primary and Secondary (Examples, Features) Software Classification – System software and Application software Operating System – Functions and examples Popular Application software packages – Word processors, Spreadsheets, Database packages, Presentation, Image editors (Uses, features and fundamental concepts of each) Basics of programming – Types of instructions (Input, Output, Store, Control transfer) ( Languages need not be considered ) Computer Networks Types of networks – LAN, WAN, MAN (Features and application area) Network Devices – Media, Switch, Hub, Router, Bridge, Gateway (Uses of each) Internet Services – WWW, E-mail, Search engines (Examples and purposes) Social Media (Examples and features) Web Designing – Browser, HTML (Basics...
MEANING AND
DEFINITION CO-OPERATION
Co-operation is derived from the Latin word “Co-operari”, ‘Co’ means
“with” and ‘operari’ means “to work”. Hence co-operation means Working Together with others for
a common purpose.
The basic idea behind Co-operation is “Self Help and Mutual Help” and “Mutual Aid”
and “Each for all and all for each”.
FEATURES OF CO-OPERATIVES
1.
An Association of Persons
2.
An Enterprise or Undertaking
3.
Voluntary Association
4.
Service Objective
5.
Democratic Management
6.
Equity
7.
Norms of Social Justice
8.
A part of Socio-economic Movement
9.
It is based on proportionality or equality
10.
It is a Universal Movement found in all
countries of the world.
VALUES OF CO-OPERATION
Cooperatives are typically based on the cooperative values
of "self-help, self-
responsibility, democracy and equality, equity and solidarity"
SEVEN COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES.
1. Voluntary and open membership
2. Democratic member control
3. Economic participation by members
4. Autonomy and independence
5. Education, training and information
6. Cooperation among cooperatives
7. Concern for community
OBJECTIVES OF CO-OPERATION
1.
Elimination of Middlemen
2.
Raising economic status of the poor
3.
Removal of the ills of capitalism
4.
Increasing the prosperity of the whole
community.
5.
Abolition of Social Inequalities
6.
Political and Religious Neutrality
7.
Development of Corporate Life
BENEFITS OF CO-OPERATION
The benefits of co-operation are
studied under three broad categories viz.,
1. Economic Benefits
2. Social and Political Benefits
3. Educational Benefits
1. Economic Benefits
v
The substitution of profit incentive in business
by that of service to the community.
v
A more equitable distribution of wealth.
v A
break up of monopolistic tendencies.
v
Increase in purchasing power and real wages to
individuals.
v
Reduction in cost of distribution system by
elimination of unnecessary middlemen.
v
The more accurate correlation of demand and
supply.
v
Stabilization of employment.
v
General improvement in employer, employee
relationships.
v
Cheap marketing and processing of farm products
at reasonable prices.
2. Social and Political Benefits
v
To provide a unique education in democracy,
responsibility and toleration.
v
To train for political power.
v
To evolve an industrial relationship among all.
v
To preserve a strong friendly or family spirit
and sense of pride and power which is impersonal.
v
To secure rational construction and unifying
approaches to social and economic problems.
v
To prevent underemployment and unemployment
v
To secure moral as well as physical satisfaction
of pure quality, correct weight and fair dealings.
v
To prevent exploitation of man by man.
IIIEDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
v
The individuals learn by experience gained in
practical work of co-operation.
v
Co-operation also sponsors education. There are
many co-operative schools and colleges formed to provide affordable education
and also employment to educated unemployed youths
IV ETHICAL BENEFITS
v
The policy of honesty is a necessity in
co-operation
v
Cooperation returns money value for honesty and
other virtues.
v
The motto of co-operation is “ each for all and
all for each”
v
Co-operation aims at the production of fine
human beings.
The United Nations had declared 2012 to be the International
Year of Cooperatives (IYC).
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