First Narasimhan Committee Report – I (1991)

First Narasimhan Committee Report – 1991

Recommendations of Narasimhan Committee

1.    Establishment of 4 tier hierarchy for banking structure with 3 to 4 large banks (including SBI) at the top and at bottom rural banks engaged in agricultural activities.

2.    The supervisory functions over banks and financial institutions can be assigned to a quasi-autonomous body sponsored by RBI.

3.    A phased reduction in SLR & CRR.

4.    Phased achievement of 8% capital adequacy ratio.

5.    Abolition of branch licensing policy.

6.    Proper classification of assets and full disclosure of accounts of banks and financial institutions.

7.    Deregulation of Interest rates.

8.    Competition among financial institutions on participating approach.

 Banking Reform Measures of Government: –

On the recommendations of Narasimhan Committee, following measures were undertaken by government since 1991: –

1.    Lowering SLR and CRR

·         The high SLR and CRR reduced the profits of the banks. The SLR had been reduced from 38.5% in 1991 to 25% in 1997.

·         The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the cash ratio of banks total deposits to be maintained with RBI. The CRR had been brought down from 15% in 1991 to 4.1% in June 2003.

2.    Prudential Norms: –

·         Prudential norms have been started by RBI in order to impart professionalism in commercial banks. The purpose of prudential norms includes proper disclosure of income, classification of assets and provision for Bad debts so as to ensure that the books of commercial banks reflect the accurate and correct picture of financial position.

·         Prudential norms required banks to make 100% provision for all Non-performing Assets (NPAs).

3.    Capital Adequacy Norms (CAN): –

·         Capital Adequacy ratio is the ratio of minimum capital to risk asset ratio. In April 1992 RBI fixed CAN at 8%. By March 1996, all public sector banks had attained the ratio of 8%. It was also attained by foreign banks.

4.    Deregulation of Interest Rates

·         The Narasimhan Committee advocated that interest rates should be allowed to be determined by market forces. Since 1992, interest rates have become much simpler and freer.

·         Scheduled Commercial banks have now the freedom to set interest rates on their deposits subject to minimum floor rates and maximum ceiling rates.

·         The interest rate on domestic term deposits has been decontrolled.

·         The interest rates on deposits and advances of all Co-operative banks have been deregulated subject to a minimum lending rate.

5.    Recovery of Debts

·         The Government of India passed the “Recovery of debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act 1993” in order to facilitate and speed up the recovery of debts due to banks and financial institutions. Six Special Recovery Tribunals have been set up. An Appellate Tribunal has also been set up in Mumbai.

6.    Competition from New Private Sector Banks

·         Banking is open to the private sector.

·         New private sector banks have already started functioning. These new private sector banks are allowed to raise capital contribution from foreign institutional investors up to 20% and from NRIs up to 40%. This has led to increased competition.

7.    Access To Capital Market

·         The Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act was amended to enable the banks to raise capital through public issues. This is subject to the provision that the holding of Central Government would not fall below 51% of paid-up-capital.

8.    Freedom of Operation

·         Scheduled Commercial Banks are given freedom to open new branches and upgrade extension counters, after attaining capital adequacy ratio and prudential accounting norms. The banks are also permitted to close non-viable branches other than in rural areas.

9.  Local Area Banks (LABs)

·         In 1996, RBI issued guidelines for setting up of Local Area Banks, and it gave Its approval for setting up of 7 LABs in private sector. LABs will help in mobilizing rural savings and in channelling them into investment in local areas.

10.  Supervision of Commercial Banks

·         The RBI has set up a Board of financial Supervision with an advisory Council to strengthen the supervision of banks and financial institutions. In 1993, RBI established a new department known as Department of Supervision as an independent unit for supervision of commercial banks.